![]() ![]() ![]() Sporulation and rising levels of antibiotic resistance allow C. difficile, the role of sporulation is central to disease etiology, particularly in patients who experience recurrence. However, Clostridia also includes abundant organisms not known to form endospores, like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis. Many endospore-forming organisms in the human gut are in the class Clostridia, the most well-studied of which are the pathogens C. Passage through the GI tract is likely to trigger sporulation, but the mechanisms by which this process occurs and the signals that induce sporulation here are mostly unknown, even for well-studied pathogens like Clostridioides difficile. The apparent utility of these genes is to allow organisms to enter metabolically dormant states that aid in survival and transmission to new hosts. Within this group of organisms, the presence of genes for endospore formation suggests that growth in the GI tract favors the maintenance of this large gene repertoire. Anaerobic, endospore-forming Firmicutes are numerically dominant members of the GI tract of most animal species. The gut is the only known environment with such a considerable abundance of organisms that form endospores, considered the most stress-resistant of all cell-types. ![]() To date, there is limited work investigating the relevance of stress-resistant cellular states in the propagation, survival, and function of organisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Furthermore, we use untargeted fecal metabolomics in 24 individuals and within a person over time to show that these organisms respond to shared environmental signals, and in particular, dietary fatty acids, that likely mediate colonization of recently disturbed human guts. We see that cells with resistant states are more likely than those without to be shared among multiple individuals, which suggests that these resistant states are particularly adapted for cross-host dissemination. Here we applied a culture-independent protocol to enrich for endospores and other stress-resistant cells in human feces to identify variation in these states across people and within an individual over time. In fact, there is no data to indicate whether organisms with the genetic potential to form endospores actually form endospores in situ and how sporulation varies across individuals and over time. However, there has been limited work on the ecological role of endospores and other stress-resistant cellular states in the human gut. The human gut, more than any other environment, encourages the maintenance of endospore formation, with recent culture-based work suggesting that over 50% of genera in the microbiome carry genes attributed to this trait. Endospore-formers in the human microbiota are well adapted for host-to-host transmission, and an emerging consensus points to their role in determining health and disease states in the gut. ![]()
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